Physical Science Chapter 3 Study Guide

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

	1.	A gas has
a. a definite volume but no definite shape.   b. a definite shape but no definite volume.   c. no definite shape or definite volume.   d. a definite volume and definite shape.

	2.	Ninety-nine percent of all the matter that can be observed in the universe exists as
a. gases.   b. plasmas.   c. liquids.   d. solids.

	3.	Matter that has a definite volume but no definite shape is a
a. liquid.   b. solid.   c. gas.   d. plasma.

	4.	If you move a substance from one container to another and its volume changes, the substance is a
a. solid.   b. liquid.   c. gas.   d. solution.

Figure 3-1

	5.	In which of the substances in Figure 3-1 are the forces of attraction among the particles so weak that they can be ignored under ordinary conditions?
a. Substance A   b. Substance B   c. Substance C   d. all of the above

	6.	Forces of attraction limit the motion of particles most in
a. a solid.   b. a liquid.   c. a gas.   d. both b and c

	7.	What is the result of a force distributed over an area?
a. temperature   b. volume   c. pressure   d. mass

	8.	Collisions of helium atoms with the walls of a closed container cause
a. condensation.   b. gas pressure.   c. a decrease in volume.   d. an overall loss of energy.

	9.	Which of the following factors affects the pressure of an enclosed gas?
a. temperature   b. volume   c. number of particles   d. all of the above

	10.	Raising the temperature of a gas will increase its pressure if the volume of the gas
a. and the number of particles are increased.   b. is increased, but the number of particles is constant.   c. and the number of particles are constant.   d. is constant, but the number of particles is reduced.

	11.	The temperature and volume in a closed container of gas remain constant. If the number of particles of gas is increased, the gas pressure will
a. increase.   b. decrease.   c. remain constant.   d. cause a decrease in the average kinetic energy of the particles.

	12.	Which of the following will cause a decrease in gas pressure in a closed container?
a. lowering the temperature   b. reducing the volume   c. adding more gas   d. both a and b

	13.	The law that states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature in kelvins if the pressure and the number of particles is constant is
a. Boyle’s law.   b. Bose’s law.   c. Einstein’s law.   d. Charles’s law.

	14.	Boyle’s law states that the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure if the
a. temperature and number of particles are constant.   b. temperature reaches absolute zero.   c. number of particles decreases.   d. temperature and number of particles are doubled.

	15.	If the volume of a cylinder is reduced from 8.0 liters to 4.0 liters, the pressure of the gas in the cylinder will change from 70 kilopascals to
a. 35 kilopascals.   b. 105 kilopascals.   c. 140 kilopascals.   d. 560 kilopascals.

	16.	At a temperature of 280 K, the gas in a cylinder has a volume of 20.0 liters. If the volume of the gas is decreased to 10.0 liters, what must the temperature be for the gas pressure to remain constant?
a. 140 K   b. 273 K   c. 560 K   d. 5600 K

	17.	What type of change occurs when water changes from a solid to a liquid?
a. a phase change   b. a physical change   c. an irreversible change   d. both a and b

	18.	The phase change that is the reverse of condensation is
a. freezing.   b. sublimation.   c. vaporization.   d. melting.

	19.	During a phase change, the temperature of a substance
a. increases.   b. decreases.   c. does not change.   d. increases or decreases.

	20.	The phase change that is the reverse of sublimation is 
a. condensation.   b. melting.   c. vaporization.   d. deposition

	21.	If a solid piece of naphthalene is heated and remains at 80°C until it is completely melted, you know that 80ºC is the
a. freezing point of naphthalene.   b. melting point of naphthalene.   c. boiling point of naphthalene.   d. both a and b

	22.	The heat of fusion for water is the amount of energy needed for water to
a. freeze.   b. boil.   c. melt.   d. evaporate.

	23.	During which phase change does the arrangement of water molecules become more orderly?
a. melting   b. freezing   c. boiling   d. condensing

	24.	Which of the following statements about ice melting is true?
a. Energy flows from the ice to its surroundings.   b. Water molecules move from their fixed position.   c. Water molecules lose energy.   d. The temperature of the ice increases as it melts.

	25.	The phase change in which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas is
a. deposition.   b. sublimation.   c. condensation.   d. vaporization.

	26.	The phase change in which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid is
a. freezing.   b. melting.   c. sublimation.   d. condensation.

	27.	The phase change in which a substance changes from a solid to a gas or vapor without changing to a liquid first is
a. sublimation.   b. deposition.   c. vaporization.   d. melting.

	28.	The phase change in which a substance changes from a gas directly to a solid is
a. condensation.   b. vaporization.   c. deposition.   d. sublimation.

	29.	Which of the following phase changes is an endothermic change?
a. condensation   b. vaporization   c. deposition   d. freezing

	30.	Which of the following phase changes is an exothermic change?
a. sublimation   b. deposition   c. vaporization   d. melting

Short Answer

Figure 3-1

	31.	What substance in Figure 3-1 is a solid? Explain how you know.

	32.	Why does the air pressure in a car’s tires increase after a long drive?

	33.	If you push on the sides of a filled balloon, how does the gas pressure inside the balloon change? What variable did you decrease to cause this change in pressure?

	34.	Name and describe the phase change that occurs when dry ice is placed in an open container at room temperature.

Other

USING SCIENCE SKILLS

Figure 3-2

	35.	Interpreting Graphics Identify the phase changes in Figure 3-2 that are labeled a, b, and c.

Figure 3-3

	36.	Interpreting Graphics In Figure 3-3, what is the unit used for pressure? What is the pressure when the volume is 0.5 L? What is the pressure when the volume is 1.0 L?

	37.	Interpreting Graphics In Figure 3-3, what is the manipulated variable, and what is the responding variable?

	38.	Inferring Based on Figure 3-3, compare the collisions between particles of gas and the walls of a container when the volume of gas is 1.0 L and when the volume is 2.0 L. Assume the number of particles does not change. Explain any differences in collisions.

Physical Science Chapter 3 Study Guide
Answer Section

MULTIPLE CHOICE

	1.	ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	L1	OBJ:	3.1.1  Describe the five states of matter.
STA:	CLE3202.1.1 | 3202.1.1 | 3202.1.2 | SPI3202.1.1 | SPI3202.1.2	

	2.	ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	L2	OBJ:	3.1.1  Describe the five states of matter.
STA:	CLE3202.1.1 | 3202.1.1 | 3202.1.2 | SPI3202.1.1 | SPI3202.1.2	

	3.	ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	L1	
OBJ:	3.1.2  Classify materials as solids, liquids, or gases.	STA:	CLE3202.1.1

	4.	ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	L2	
OBJ:	3.1.2  Classify materials as solids, liquids, or gases.	STA:	CLE3202.1.1

	5.	ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	L1	
OBJ:	3.1.3  Explain the behavior of gases, liquids, and solids, using kinetic theory.
STA:	CLE3202.1.8		

	6.	ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	L2	
OBJ:	3.1.3  Explain the behavior of gases, liquids, and solids, using kinetic theory.
STA:	CLE3202.1.8		

	7.	ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	L1	OBJ:	3.2.1  Define pressure and gas pressure.
STA:	CLE3202.1.8 | 3202.1.25 | 3202.1.26 | SPI3202.1.7

	8.	ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	L2	OBJ:	3.2.1  Define pressure and gas pressure.
STA:	CLE3202.1.8 | 3202.1.25 | 3202.1.26 | SPI3202.1.7

	9.	ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	L1	
OBJ:	3.2.2  Identify factors that affect gas pressure.	STA:	CLE3202.1.8

	10.	ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	L2	
OBJ:	3.2.2  Identify factors that affect gas pressure.	STA:	CLE3202.1.8

	11.	ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	L1	
OBJ:	3.2.3  Predict changes in gas pressure due to changes in temperature, volume, and number of particles.
STA:	CLE3202.1.8		

	12.	ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	L2	
OBJ:	3.2.3  Predict changes in gas pressure due to changes in temperature, volume, and number of particles.
STA:	CLE3202.1.8		

	13.	ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	L1	
OBJ:	3.2.4  Explain Charles’s law, Boyle’s law, and the combined gas law.
STA:	CLE3202.1.8		

	14.	ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	L2	
OBJ:	3.2.4  Explain Charles’s law, Boyle’s law, and the combined gas law.
STA:	CLE3202.1.8		

	15.	ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	L1	
OBJ:	3.2.5  Apply gas laws to solve problems involving gases.	STA:	CLE3202.1.8

	16.	ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	L2	
OBJ:	3.2.5  Apply gas laws to solve problems involving gases.	STA:	CLE3202.1.8

	17.	ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	L1	OBJ:	3.3.1  Describe phase changes.
STA:	CLE3202.2.3 | 3202.1.1 | 3202.1.2 | SPI3202.1.1 | SPI3202.1.8	

	18.	ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	L2	OBJ:	3.3.1  Describe phase changes.
STA:	CLE3202.2.3 | 3202.1.1 | 3202.1.2 | SPI3202.1.1 | SPI3202.1.8	

	19.	ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	L2	
OBJ:	3.3.2  Explain how temperature can be used to recognize a phase change.
STA:	CLE3202.2.3		

	20.	ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	L1	
OBJ:	3.3.2  Explain how temperature can be used to recognize a phase change.
STA:	CLE3202.2.3		

	21.	ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	L2	
OBJ:	3.3.2  Explain how temperature can be used to recognize a phase change.
STA:	CLE3202.2.3		

	22.	ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	L2	
OBJ:	3.3.2  Explain how temperature can be used to recognize a phase change.
STA:	CLE3202.2.3		

	23.	ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	L1	
OBJ:	3.3.3  Explain what happens to the motion, arrangement, and average kinetic energy of water molecules during phase changes.			STA:	CLE3202.2.3		

	24.	ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	L2	
OBJ:	3.3.3  Explain what happens to the motion, arrangement, and average kinetic energy of water molecules during phase changes.			STA:	CLE3202.2.3		

	25.	ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	L1	
OBJ:	3.3.4  Describe each of the six phase changes.	STA:	CLE3202.2.3

	26.	ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	L1	
OBJ:	3.3.4  Describe each of the six phase changes.	STA:	CLE3202.2.3

	27.	ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	L2	
OBJ:	3.3.4  Describe each of the six phase changes.	STA:	CLE3202.2.3

	28.	ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	L2	
OBJ:	3.3.4  Describe each of the six phase changes.	STA:	CLE3202.2.3

	29.	ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	L1	
OBJ:	3.3.5  Identify phase changes as endothermic or exothermic.	
STA:	CLE3202.2.3		

	30.	ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	L2	
OBJ:	3.3.5  Identify phase changes as endothermic or exothermic.	
STA:	CLE3202.2.3		

SHORT ANSWER

	31.	ANS:	
Substance A; its particles are packed close together and arranged in a regular pattern.

PTS:	1	DIF:	L2	
OBJ:	3.1.3  Explain the behavior of gases, liquids, and solids, using kinetic theory.
STA:	CLE3202.1.8		

	32.	ANS:	
The constant motion of the tires on the road causes the tires and the air in the tires to warm up. The increase in temperature increases the average kinetic energy of the air in the tires. The frequency and force of collisions between particles increase, which increase the air pressure.

PTS:	1	DIF:	L1	OBJ:	3.2.2  Identify factors that affect gas pressure.
STA:	CLE3202.1.8		

	33.	ANS:	
The gas pressure increased because the volume of the gas was decreased.

PTS:	1	DIF:	L1	
OBJ:	3.2.3  Predict changes in gas pressure due to changes in temperature, volume, and number of particles.
STA:	CLE3202.1.8		

	34.	ANS:	
At room temperature, dry ice changes from solid carbon dioxide to carbon dioxide gas, which is an example of sublimation.

PTS:	1	DIF:	L1	OBJ:	3.3.4  Describe each of the six phase changes.
STA:	CLE3202.2.3		

OTHER

	35.	ANS:	
a. vaporization, b. melting, c. freezing

PTS:	1	DIF:	L1	OBJ:	3.3.1  Describe phase changes.
STA:	CLE3202.2.3 | 3202.1.1 | 3202.1.2 | SPI3202.1.1 | SPI3202.1.8	

	36.	ANS:	
the kilopascal; 200 kPa; 100 kPa

PTS:	1	DIF:	L2	OBJ:	3.2.2  Identify factors that affect gas pressure.
STA:	CLE3202.1.8		

	37.	ANS:	
Volume is the manipulated variable. Pressure is the responding variable.

PTS:	1	DIF:	L2	OBJ:	3.2.2  Identify factors that affect gas pressure.
STA:	CLE3202.1.8		

	38.	ANS:	
The number of collisions will increase when the volume is reduced from 2.0 L to 1.0 L because the particles occupy a smaller space and will collide more often with the walls of the container.

PTS:	1	DIF:	L2	
OBJ:	3.2.3  Predict changes in gas pressure due to changes in temperature, volume, and number of particles.
STA:	CLE3202.1.8